Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 Editor Note Editor Note 2138 FA S. Mehdipour Journal Article 2025 10 07 http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2138_3310945e38c59643a8dfb5e29690f3c7.pdf

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 Enhancing the Efficacy of Pebax Membrane through the Incorporation of Carboxylated Cellulose for CO2 Separation Enhancing the Efficacy of Pebax Membrane through the Incorporation of Carboxylated Cellulose for CO2 Separation 2120 10.22063/jipst.2025.35616.2359 FA Mahdi Elyasi Kojabad Faculty of Engineering, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran Mohammadhadi Moradian Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran Omid Mohammadi Faculty of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2024 12 12 Hypothesis: The expansion of numerous industries has rendered CO2 separationa critical challenge in contemporary society. Among the diverse techniques employed for CO2 separation, membrane separation has emerged as a promising and effective approach. Notably, membranes composed of polyether block amide (Pebax) are among the most prevalent and utilized in industrial applications However, despite their extensive applications, the trade-off limitation remains a significant obstacle associated with this polymer-based membrane technology prompting extensive research efforts aimed at addressing this issue in recent years In this research, cellulose was employed to address the trade-off limitation associated with Pebax membranes. Cellulose was first subjected to carboxylation before being incorporated into the polymer matrix Methods: The presence of hydroxyl groups in cellulose facilitates improved interaction between the membrane matrix and CO2, while simultaneously enhancing the mechanical strength of the resulting membrane through the formation of hydrogen bonds. To enhance the miscibility of cellulose with Pebax, the cellulose was first subjected to carboxylation before being incorporated into the polymer solution Findings: The incorporation of carboxylated cellulose into Pebax resulted in an increase in the stiffness of the membrane matrix, attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the cellulose and Pebax chains. This modification led to a notable enhancement in separation performance, with CO2/N2 selectivity for the P3C1 and P2C1 membranes rising by 92% and 120%, respectively, in comparison to the pure membrane. The enhancement in membrane performance facilitated these membranes in surpassing the Robeson limit and addressing the trade-off limitation underscoring the significant contribution of this commonly utilized material in augmenting the separation efficiency of Pebax. Furthermore, assessments of the mechanical strength of the membranes revealed a 5-fold increase in Young's modulus and a 3.5-fold enhancement in the tensile strength of the P2C1 membrane relative to the pure membrane. Hypothesis: The expansion of numerous industries has rendered CO2 separationa critical challenge in contemporary society. Among the diverse techniques employed for CO2 separation, membrane separation has emerged as a promising and effective approach. Notably, membranes composed of polyether block amide (Pebax) are among the most prevalent and utilized in industrial applications However, despite their extensive applications, the trade-off limitation remains a significant obstacle associated with this polymer-based membrane technology prompting extensive research efforts aimed at addressing this issue in recent years In this research, cellulose was employed to address the trade-off limitation associated with Pebax membranes. Cellulose was first subjected to carboxylation before being incorporated into the polymer matrix Methods: The presence of hydroxyl groups in cellulose facilitates improved interaction between the membrane matrix and CO2, while simultaneously enhancing the mechanical strength of the resulting membrane through the formation of hydrogen bonds. To enhance the miscibility of cellulose with Pebax, the cellulose was first subjected to carboxylation before being incorporated into the polymer solution Findings: The incorporation of carboxylated cellulose into Pebax resulted in an increase in the stiffness of the membrane matrix, attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the cellulose and Pebax chains. This modification led to a notable enhancement in separation performance, with CO2/N2 selectivity for the P3C1 and P2C1 membranes rising by 92% and 120%, respectively, in comparison to the pure membrane. The enhancement in membrane performance facilitated these membranes in surpassing the Robeson limit and addressing the trade-off limitation underscoring the significant contribution of this commonly utilized material in augmenting the separation efficiency of Pebax. Furthermore, assessments of the mechanical strength of the membranes revealed a 5-fold increase in Young's modulus and a 3.5-fold enhancement in the tensile strength of the P2C1 membrane relative to the pure membrane.

http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2120_39e928461ba0417229f4b7bdb5ba7310.pdf

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 The Application of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Membranes in Membrane Contactors: Synthesis and Performance Study The Application of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Membranes in Membrane Contactors: Synthesis and Performance Study 2126 10.22063/jipst.2025.35660.2380 FA Gholamreza Bakeri Chemical Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran Mehran Khosravani Koohi Chemical Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran Majid Khorshidian Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Northern Research Center for Science and Technology, P.O. Box:47515373,, Fereydunkenar, Ir Journal Article 2025 02 20 Hypothesis: The global warming, driven by CO2 emissions, necessitates urgent mitigation strategies. CO2 capture using liquid absorbents (such as water) has emerged as a promising approach and the membrane contactors enhance the CO2 removal. However, the membrane wetting remains a major challenge, typically addressed by using hydrophobic polymers. Despite their effectiveness, these polymers have limited diversity and are non-biodegradab Methods: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) membrane, fabricated from a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources, was used as a sustainable alternative The PLA membrane was fabricated using the common phase inversion method and the characterization tests were done. The CO2 absorption performance was assessed in a flat-sheet membrane contactor and the long-term performance was studied over six days Findings: The PLA membrane exhibited moderate hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 76.01° and a liquid entry pressure of 2.5 bar. The scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of a finger-like porous structure, facilitating efficient mass transfer. In short-term CO2 absorption tests at liquid velocity of 0.06 m/s, the absorption rates were 0.0688 mol/m2.s and 0.0541 mol/m2.s for synthetic seawater (40,000 ppm NaCl) and distilled water, respectively as the absorbents. The long-term test over six days showed performance decline to 0.0479 mol/m2.s (30.32% reduction) for seawater and 0.0283 mol.m2.s (47.74% reduction) for distilled water. The superior stability observed with seawater was attributed to its higher surface tension, which delayed the membrane wetting and preserved the gas liquid interface. These results demonstrated the potential of PLA membranes for CO2 absorption applications, particularly when combined with high-salinity absorbents offering an environmentally friendly option for capture technologies Hypothesis: The global warming, driven by CO2 emissions, necessitates urgent mitigation strategies. CO2 capture using liquid absorbents (such as water) has emerged as a promising approach and the membrane contactors enhance the CO2 removal. However, the membrane wetting remains a major challenge, typically addressed by using hydrophobic polymers. Despite their effectiveness, these polymers have limited diversity and are non-biodegradab Methods: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) membrane, fabricated from a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources, was used as a sustainable alternative The PLA membrane was fabricated using the common phase inversion method and the characterization tests were done. The CO2 absorption performance was assessed in a flat-sheet membrane contactor and the long-term performance was studied over six days Findings: The PLA membrane exhibited moderate hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 76.01° and a liquid entry pressure of 2.5 bar. The scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of a finger-like porous structure, facilitating efficient mass transfer. In short-term CO2 absorption tests at liquid velocity of 0.06 m/s, the absorption rates were 0.0688 mol/m2.s and 0.0541 mol/m2.s for synthetic seawater (40,000 ppm NaCl) and distilled water, respectively as the absorbents. The long-term test over six days showed performance decline to 0.0479 mol/m2.s (30.32% reduction) for seawater and 0.0283 mol.m2.s (47.74% reduction) for distilled water. The superior stability observed with seawater was attributed to its higher surface tension, which delayed the membrane wetting and preserved the gas liquid interface. These results demonstrated the potential of PLA membranes for CO2 absorption applications, particularly when combined with high-salinity absorbents offering an environmentally friendly option for capture technologies

http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2126_01fe5a47bcf9627346d626a54423a974.pdf

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate on Polystyrene: Surface Characterization and Biocompatibility Assessment Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate on Polystyrene: Surface Characterization and Biocompatibility Assessment 2125 10.22063/jipst.2025.35676.2385 FA Farhang Abbasi Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Postal Code: 5331817634, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0001-9770-4255 Ali Jafari Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Postal Code: 5331817634, Tabriz, Iran Morteza Nasiri Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Postal Code: 5331817634, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-8069-2304 Journal Article 2025 03 28 Hypothesis: Since naturally hydrophobic surface of polystyrene (PS) substrate is unsuitable for cell adhesion, grafting hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chains through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) can alter the surface properties and enhance the cell behavior Methods: Hydroxyl functional groups were introduced through ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) irradiation at a distance of 3 cm. Next, an initiator layer was deposited on the surface, which facilitated PHEMA grafting via SI-ATRP, conducted across various polymerization durations (2, 4, and 6 h) Findings: The intensity of carbonyl and hydroxyl peaks in ATR-FTIR spectra increased with increasing UVO irradiation time up to 15 min, where water contact angle (WCA) was about 12°. WCA of PHEMA-modified surface decreased from 56 to 48° as polymerization time increased from 2 to 6 h, and the peaks related to hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in ATR-FTIR analysis became stronger. A thin and relatively uniform PHEMA layer with a thickness of about 90-110 nm was observed for the PS substrate pretreated for 15 min and subsequently polymerized with HEMA for 6 h NIH3T3 cell viability on PHEMA-modified surfaces at polymerization times of 2, 4 and 6 h, with a pretreatment for 15 min, was 300, 250 and 225%, respectively. The cell-covered area percentages of the pristine and the PHEMA-modified PS surfaces at polymerization times of 2 and 6 h were 27%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. Most cells on the virgin PS surface exhibited a flat morphology, while a smaller subset displayed a spindle-shaped form. On the modified surfaces, the cells had a spherical shape differed from the natural shape of fibroblast cells. However, cell alignment on the modified surfaces was different from the natural alignment of cells on tissue culture PS dishes, being elongated and spindle-shaped. Hypothesis: Since naturally hydrophobic surface of polystyrene (PS) substrate is unsuitable for cell adhesion, grafting hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chains through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) can alter the surface properties and enhance the cell behavior Methods: Hydroxyl functional groups were introduced through ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) irradiation at a distance of 3 cm. Next, an initiator layer was deposited on the surface, which facilitated PHEMA grafting via SI-ATRP, conducted across various polymerization durations (2, 4, and 6 h) Findings: The intensity of carbonyl and hydroxyl peaks in ATR-FTIR spectra increased with increasing UVO irradiation time up to 15 min, where water contact angle (WCA) was about 12°. WCA of PHEMA-modified surface decreased from 56 to 48° as polymerization time increased from 2 to 6 h, and the peaks related to hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in ATR-FTIR analysis became stronger. A thin and relatively uniform PHEMA layer with a thickness of about 90-110 nm was observed for the PS substrate pretreated for 15 min and subsequently polymerized with HEMA for 6 h NIH3T3 cell viability on PHEMA-modified surfaces at polymerization times of 2, 4 and 6 h, with a pretreatment for 15 min, was 300, 250 and 225%, respectively. The cell-covered area percentages of the pristine and the PHEMA-modified PS surfaces at polymerization times of 2 and 6 h were 27%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. Most cells on the virgin PS surface exhibited a flat morphology, while a smaller subset displayed a spindle-shaped form. On the modified surfaces, the cells had a spherical shape differed from the natural shape of fibroblast cells. However, cell alignment on the modified surfaces was different from the natural alignment of cells on tissue culture PS dishes, being elongated and spindle-shaped.

http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2125_97254f59da6af82f8ba6326cc04a7bc0.pdf

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 Graft Polymerization of Styrene onto Ground Tire Rubber Graft Polymerization of Styrene onto Ground Tire Rubber 2122 10.22063/jipst.2025.35702.2389 FA Mina Alirezazadeh Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz,, Iran Zahra Khoubi-Arani Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz,, Iran 0000-0002-0955-9797 Mina Alizadehaghdam Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Journal Article 2025 05 19 Hypothesis: The primary method for recycling waste tires is grinding them into fine particles and then mixing them with various matrices to improve their properties. For example, ground tire rubber (GTR) can be used to enhance the impact resistance of brittle polymers such as polystyrene (PS). However, weak interactions between the two components may lead to a decline in mechanical properties. Polymer grafting onto GTR is a successful method for rubber modification. The unique advantage is the graft polymer can be selected based on the matrix polymer. Namely, polystyrene grafted onto the surface of GTR, PS-g-GTR, can be used as a compatibilizer for the PS/GTR blend. Methods: In this study, styrene monomer was in-situ polymerized in the presence of GTR to synthesize PS-g-GTR in bulk and solution environments. The variation in monomer conversion and grafting efficiency was investigated by increasing the temperature in bulk polymerization and increasing the initiator concentration in solution polymerization. Findings: The highest grafting efficiency (57%) and grafting degree (247%) were achieved in solution polymerization at 90 °C, with a molar ratio of initiator to monomer equal to 1% and a weight percentage of GTR to monomer equal to 13. A comparison of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra for GTR and PS-g-GTR clearly showed the appearance of peaks corresponding to benzene rings after grafting. Based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the synthesized PS-g-GTR contained 56% polystyrene by weight. By calculating the cooperatively rearranging region (CRR) length scale at the glass transition temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the molecular weight of the grafted chains was estimated to be greater than 104 g mol-1. This graft polymer appears to significantly improve the impact resistance of PS by enhancing compatibility between polystyrene and GTR. Hypothesis: The primary method for recycling waste tires is grinding them into fine particles and then mixing them with various matrices to improve their properties. For example, ground tire rubber (GTR) can be used to enhance the impact resistance of brittle polymers such as polystyrene (PS). However, weak interactions between the two components may lead to a decline in mechanical properties. Polymer grafting onto GTR is a successful method for rubber modification. The unique advantage is the graft polymer can be selected based on the matrix polymer. Namely, polystyrene grafted onto the surface of GTR, PS-g-GTR, can be used as a compatibilizer for the PS/GTR blend. Methods: In this study, styrene monomer was in-situ polymerized in the presence of GTR to synthesize PS-g-GTR in bulk and solution environments. The variation in monomer conversion and grafting efficiency was investigated by increasing the temperature in bulk polymerization and increasing the initiator concentration in solution polymerization. Findings: The highest grafting efficiency (57%) and grafting degree (247%) were achieved in solution polymerization at 90 °C, with a molar ratio of initiator to monomer equal to 1% and a weight percentage of GTR to monomer equal to 13. A comparison of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra for GTR and PS-g-GTR clearly showed the appearance of peaks corresponding to benzene rings after grafting. Based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the synthesized PS-g-GTR contained 56% polystyrene by weight. By calculating the cooperatively rearranging region (CRR) length scale at the glass transition temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the molecular weight of the grafted chains was estimated to be greater than 104 g mol-1. This graft polymer appears to significantly improve the impact resistance of PS by enhancing compatibility between polystyrene and GTR.

http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2122_5cf0ae6690e161a7736ad4b48c351b40.pdf

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibers/Nanofibers from Agricultural Wastes via Ball Milling Method and their Modification with Polymers Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibers/Nanofibers from Agricultural Wastes via Ball Milling Method and their Modification with Polymers 2121 10.22063/jipst.2025.35714.2395 FA Nima Mahmoudi-Esfandarani Polymer Reaction Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114Tehran , Iran Maral Ghahramani Polymer Reaction Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114Tehran , Iran Mahdi Abdollahi Polymer Reaction Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114Tehran , Iran 0000-0002-1712-2149 Journal Article 2025 06 02 Hypothesis: Since naturally hydrophobic surface of polystyrene (PS) substrate is unsuitable for cell adhesion, grafting hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chains through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) can alter the surface properties and enhance the cell behavior Methods: Hydroxyl functional groups were introduced through ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) irradiation at a distance of 3 cm. Next, an initiator layer was deposited on the surface, which facilitated PHEMA grafting via SI-ATRP, conducted across various polymerization durations (2, 4, and 6 h) Findings: The intensity of carbonyl and hydroxyl peaks in ATR-FTIR spectra increased with increasing UVO irradiation time up to 15 min, where water contact angle (WCA) was about 12°. WCA of PHEMA-modified surface decreased from 56 to 48° as polymerization time increased from 2 to 6 h, and the peaks related to hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in ATR-FTIR analysis became stronger. A thin and relatively uniform PHEMA layer with a thickness of about 90-110 nm was observed for the PS substrate pretreated for 15 min and subsequently polymerized with HEMA for 6 h NIH3T3 cell viability on PHEMA-modified surfaces at polymerization times of 2, 4 and 6 h, with a pretreatment for 15 min, was 300, 250 and 225%, respectively. The cell-covered area percentages of the pristine and the PHEMA-modified PS surfaces at polymerization times of 2 and 6 h were 27%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. Most cells on the virgin PS surface exhibited a flat morphology, while a smaller subset displayed a spindle-shaped form. On the modified surfaces, the cells had a spherical shape differed from the natural shape of fibroblast cells. However, cell alignment on the modified surfaces was different from the natural alignment of cells on tissue culture PS dishes, being elongated and spindle-shaped Hypothesis: Since naturally hydrophobic surface of polystyrene (PS) substrate is unsuitable for cell adhesion, grafting hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chains through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) can alter the surface properties and enhance the cell behavior Methods: Hydroxyl functional groups were introduced through ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) irradiation at a distance of 3 cm. Next, an initiator layer was deposited on the surface, which facilitated PHEMA grafting via SI-ATRP, conducted across various polymerization durations (2, 4, and 6 h) Findings: The intensity of carbonyl and hydroxyl peaks in ATR-FTIR spectra increased with increasing UVO irradiation time up to 15 min, where water contact angle (WCA) was about 12°. WCA of PHEMA-modified surface decreased from 56 to 48° as polymerization time increased from 2 to 6 h, and the peaks related to hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in ATR-FTIR analysis became stronger. A thin and relatively uniform PHEMA layer with a thickness of about 90-110 nm was observed for the PS substrate pretreated for 15 min and subsequently polymerized with HEMA for 6 h NIH3T3 cell viability on PHEMA-modified surfaces at polymerization times of 2, 4 and 6 h, with a pretreatment for 15 min, was 300, 250 and 225%, respectively. The cell-covered area percentages of the pristine and the PHEMA-modified PS surfaces at polymerization times of 2 and 6 h were 27%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. Most cells on the virgin PS surface exhibited a flat morphology, while a smaller subset displayed a spindle-shaped form. On the modified surfaces, the cells had a spherical shape differed from the natural shape of fibroblast cells. However, cell alignment on the modified surfaces was different from the natural alignment of cells on tissue culture PS dishes, being elongated and spindle-shaped

http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2121_208bf728edddbefd904a0c629032df7c.pdf

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10163255 38 1 2025 04 21 Investigating the Impact of Aggregation and Crystallinity of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Used in the Active Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells on Photovoltaic Properties Investigating the Impact of Aggregation and Crystallinity of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Used in the Active Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells on Photovoltaic Properties 2130 10.22063/jipst.2025.35731.2403 FA Farzad Zahedi FDepartment of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4547-1119 Saeed Pourmahdian Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box: 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 07 15 Hypothesis: Third-generation pioneering solar cells with perovskite structures require targeted modifications to further enhance their photovoltaic properties specifically through reduction of structural defects and improvement of charge carrier exchange and mobility. For this purpose, the use of additives (small molecules and especially polymers) has been widely considered in recent years. Small molecules often provide weaker synergistic effects compared to polymers due to their lower molecular weight, higher volatility, reduced potential for surface modification and bonding, and the absence of influential parameters such as glass transition temperature. Even insulating polymers, at very low concentrations within the perovskite structure, have introduced remarkable features for tuning photovoltaic properties, while conjugated polymers additionally play a significant role in facilitating charge carrier transport. The morphological or aggregative properties of conjugated polymers yield distinct photophysical behaviors that directly affect device efficiency In this study, the aggregative modifications of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a conventional charge carrier, were systematically investigated in order to evaluate the role of enhanced J-type aggregation in charge transfer, recombination reduction, and consequently photovoltaic property enhancement Methods: To increase J-type aggregation and achieve nanowire structures, after P3HT synthesis, ultrasonic treatment, solution processing, and finally ultraviolet irradiation were applied in sequence. The prepared solutions were then introduced as anti-solvents during the spin-coating process of perovskite thin film formation Findings: The results demonstrated that P3HT nanowires significantly improved holes transport and reduced bimolecular recombination. Solvent engineering combined with ultraviolet irradiation led to J-type aggregation and increased conjugation length, thus enhancing electronic coupling. Furthermore, photovoltaic tests revealed considerable improvement in the key performance parameters of the cells, as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was increased from 11.83% to 17.92%. Hypothesis: Third-generation pioneering solar cells with perovskite structures require targeted modifications to further enhance their photovoltaic properties specifically through reduction of structural defects and improvement of charge carrier exchange and mobility. For this purpose, the use of additives (small molecules and especially polymers) has been widely considered in recent years. Small molecules often provide weaker synergistic effects compared to polymers due to their lower molecular weight, higher volatility, reduced potential for surface modification and bonding, and the absence of influential parameters such as glass transition temperature. Even insulating polymers, at very low concentrations within the perovskite structure, have introduced remarkable features for tuning photovoltaic properties, while conjugated polymers additionally play a significant role in facilitating charge carrier transport. The morphological or aggregative properties of conjugated polymers yield distinct photophysical behaviors that directly affect device efficiency In this study, the aggregative modifications of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a conventional charge carrier, were systematically investigated in order to evaluate the role of enhanced J-type aggregation in charge transfer, recombination reduction, and consequently photovoltaic property enhancement Methods: To increase J-type aggregation and achieve nanowire structures, after P3HT synthesis, ultrasonic treatment, solution processing, and finally ultraviolet irradiation were applied in sequence. The prepared solutions were then introduced as anti-solvents during the spin-coating process of perovskite thin film formation Findings: The results demonstrated that P3HT nanowires significantly improved holes transport and reduced bimolecular recombination. Solvent engineering combined with ultraviolet irradiation led to J-type aggregation and increased conjugation length, thus enhancing electronic coupling. Furthermore, photovoltaic tests revealed considerable improvement in the key performance parameters of the cells, as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was increased from 11.83% to 17.92%.

http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_2130_e1f034410a511f80ffd4a897b1921899.pdf