مروری بر کاربرد زیست‌پلیمرها در مواد خون ایستان‌ نوین در پزشکی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

مرکز تحقیقات مواد پیشرفته، دانشکده مهندسی مواد، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران.

چکیده

خونریزی یکی از عوامل اصلی مرگ­و­میر در حوادث طبیعی و نیز در اثر تصادفات و آسیب‌­های جنگی است. تشکیل لخته­‌های خون پایدار یا خون‌ایستی برای جلوگیری از هدررفت خون و مرگ بر اثر خونریزی زیاد ضروری است. اگرچه فرایند خودانعقادی در بدن وجود دارد، اما در آسیب‌­های شدید، این سامانه نمی‌­تواند به‌تنهایی و بدون کمک عوامل خون‌ایستان خونریزی را کنترل کند. روش‌­های سنتی مانند استفاده از گاز سترون و اعمال فشار در ناحیه خونریزی در قدیم به‌طور وسیع برای جلوگیری از خونریزی استفاده شده است. با وجود این، چنین روش‌­هایی کارایی زیادی ندارند. بنابراین، یافتن موادی که بتواند به‌سرعت از خونریزی جلوگیری کنند، موضوع پژوهش بسیاری از مطالعات بوده است. در این میان، مواد مختلف آلی و غیرآلی مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌­اند. برخی از پلیمر­ها به‌دلایل همخوانی با بافت‌­های بدن و نیز قابلیت کنترل و دستکاری خواص، نتایج بسیار امیدبخشی را نشان داده­اند. با توجه به اهمیت این پلیمر­ها، در این مطالعه سعی شده است تا مروری اجمالی بر این پلیمر­ها انجام شده و سازوکار عمل آن‌ها در کنترل خونریزی و انعقاد خون بررسی شود. همچنین، آخرین راهکار­ها در طراحی و فعالیت­های انجام‌شده در این موضوع بحث شود. سه سازوکار تغلیظ خون، فعال‌سازی آبشار انعقاد و ایجاد سد فیزیکی، عوامل اصلی عملکرد این مواد هستند. از معروف‌ترین پلیمر­ها برای کاربرد در خون‌ایستان می‌­توان به پلی­‌ساکارید­های نشاسته، آلژینات و سلولوز اکسیدشده اشاره کرد. همچنین از پلی‌پپتید­های کلاژن، ژلاتین، فیبرین، ترومبین و کراتین به‌عنوان منابع پلیمری دیگر در کنترل خونریزی استفاده می‌­شود. در ادامه راهکار­های بهبود خواص مواد پلیمری خون‌ایستان مرور شده و مسیر­های پژوهشی مورد توجه پژوهشگران بحث شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A review on biopolymers for the application of new hemostatic materials in medicine

نویسنده [English]

  • Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi S.A.
Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Bleeding is one of the main causes of death in natural disasters as well as due to accidents and war injuries. The formation of stable blood clots or hemostasis is necessary to prevent blood loss and death from excessive bleeding. Although there is a process of self-coagulation in the body, but in severe injuries, this system cannot control the bleeding alone without the help of clotting agents. Traditional methods such as the use of sterile gauze and applying pressure in the bleeding area have been widely used to prevent bleeding. However, these methods are not very effective. Therefore, finding substances that can quickly prevent bleeding has been the subject of many studies. Meanwhile, various organic and inorganic materials have been taken into consideration. Some polymers have shown very promising results due to compatibility with body tissues as well as the ability to control and manipulate properties. Considering the importance of these polymers, in this research, an overview of these polymers is carried out and the mechanism of action of these polymers in controlling bleeding and blood coagulation will be investigated. Also, the latest strategies in design and activities on this subject will be discussed. Three mechanisms of blood thickening, activation of the coagulation cascade and creation of a physical barrier are the main factors of the performance of these substances. Starch polysaccharides, alginate and oxidized cellulose can be mentioned among the most famous biopolymers for hemostatic application. Also, collagen, gelatin, fibrin, thrombin and keratin poly peptides are used as other biopolymer sources in bleeding control. In the following, the strategies used in improving the properties of hemostatic polymer materials are reviewed. The research directions in this topic, which are of interest to researchers, will be discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biopolymers
  • Hemostatic materials
  • Bleeding
  • Coagulation
  • Mechanism

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 36، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 188
بهمن و اسفند 1402
صفحه 627-646

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