Synthesis of Benzoxazine Resin and Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Benzoxazine-Silica Nanocomposites

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Composite Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-1774, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Hypothesis: Today, thermoset resins are one of the most widely used resins in various industries including aerospace and automotive industries. In this respect, epoxy resins are of particular importance. Strengthening the mechanical properties of this resin for use in special applications has always been a requirement of the industry. Thereby, an attempt was made to improve the tensile modulus of epoxy resin using benzoxazine resin based on aniline and bisphenol A (BA-a) and silica nanoparticles (Si).
Method: Due to the lack of availability of epoxy resin and to achieve the scientific ability of producing epoxy-benzoxazine composites, benzoxazine resin was synthesized by solvent method and then the solvent was removed. Subsequently, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were used to verify the structural nature of the synthesized resin and evaluate its thermal properties. After making sure that the benzoxazine resin was produced and familiarized with its process properties, epoxy resin blending was performed.
Finding: The results of this work showed that the tensile modulus of epoxy-benzoxazine-based composite (80:20 wt/wt%) (EB-82) (3.9 GPa) is 17% higher than a neat epoxy resin (3.33 GPa). By increasing the amount of benzoxazine resin to 30%, the mechanical properties did not change. Therefore, EB-82 was used to make other composites. In nanocomposites with 2 and 4 wt% nanosilica, the tensile modulus increased to about 26 and 51% (4.1 and 1.5 GPa, respectively). These interesting results were attributed to the good interaction between the components and the good filler dispersion.

Keywords

References

1.Okhawilai M., Dueramae I., Jubsilp C., and Rimdusit S., Effects of High Nano‐SiO2 Contents on Properties of Epoxy‐Modified Polybenzoxazine, Polym. Compos., 38, 2261-2271, 2015.
2.Kwon S.C., Adachi T., Araki W., and Yamaji A., Effect of Composing Particles of Two Sizes on Mechanical Properties of Spherical Silica-Particulate-Reinforced Epoxy Composites, Compos. Part B-Eng., 39, 740-746, 2008.
3.Zamanian M., Mortezaei M., Salehnia B., and Jam J., Fracture Toughness of Epoxy Polymer Modified with Nanosilica Particles: Particle Size Effect, Eng. Fract. Mech., 97, 193-206, 2013.
4.Dmitriev A.I., Häusler I., Österle W., Wetzel B., and Zhang G., Modeling of the Stress–Strain Behavior of an Epoxy-based Nanocomposite Filled with Silica Nanoparticles. Mater. Design, 89, 950-956, 2016.
5.Tarrío-Saavedra J., López-Beceiro J., Naya S., Gracia C., and Artiaga R., Controversial Effects of Fumed Silica on the Curing and Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites, Express Polym. Lett., 4, 382-395. 2010.
6.Ochi M., Tsuyuno N., Sakaga K., Nakanishi Y., and Murata Y., Effect of Network Structure on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Biphenol‐type Epoxy Resins Cured with Phenols, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, 1161-1167, 1995.
7.Ning X. and Ishida H., Phenolic Materials via Ring‐opening Polymerization: Synthesis and Characterization of Bisphenol‐A Based Benzoxazines and Their Polymers, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 32, 1121-1129. 1994.
8.Hshieh F.Y. and Beeson H.D., Flammability Testing of Flame‐retarded Epoxy Composites and Phenolic Composites, Fire Mater., 21, 41-49, 1997.
9.Kausar A., Polyamide-grafted-Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrospun Nanofibers/Epoxy Composites, Fiber. Polym., 15, 2564-2571, 2014.
10.Shi H.Y., Zhang L. and Cui J.H., Study on of Cure Reaction Kinetics of Polyamide-Imide-Epoxy Resin. , Adv. Mater. Res., 746, 128-131, 2013.
11.Agag T., Liu J., Graf R., Spiess H.W. and shida H.I., Benzoxazole Resin: A Novel Class of Thermoset Polymer via Smart Benzoxazine Resin, Macromolecules, 45, 8991-8997, 2012.
12.Liu J.I.H.I.S.J., A New Class of Phenolic Resins with Ring-opening Polymerization, The Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, 1 st ed., Florida, USA, 484-94, 1996.
13.Ning X. and Ishida H., Phenolic Materials via Ring‐opening Polymerization of Benzoxazines: Effect of Molecular Structure on Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys., 921-927, 1994.
14.Ishida H. and Allen D.J., Mechanical Characterization of Copolymers Based on Benzoxazine and Epoxy, Polymer, 37, 4487-4495, 1996.
15.www.Huntsman.com/Advanced Material/Araldite® MT35600 Benzoxazine Resin, 2013.
16.Kimura H., Matsumoto A., Hasegawa K., Ohtsuka K. and Fukuda A., Epoxy Resin Cured by Bisphenol A Based Benzoxazine, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 68, 1903-1910, 1998.
17.Rimdusit S., Jubsilp C., and Tiptipakorn S., Alloys and Composites of Polybenzoxazines, Springer, 29-65, 2013.
18.Chutayothin P. and Ishida H., Cationic Ring-opening Polymerization of 1,3-Benzoxazines: Mechanistic Study Using Model Compounds, Macromolecules, 43, 4562-4572. 2010.
19.Ishida H. and Rodriguez Y., Curing Kinetics of a New Benzoxazine-based Phenolic Resin by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Polymer, 36, 3151-3158, 1995.
20.Ishida H. and Rodriguez Y., Catalyzing the Curing Reaction of a New Benzoxazine‐based Phenolic Resin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 58, 1751-1760, 1995.
Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
Volume 32, Issue 5 - Serial Number 163
January and February 2020
Pages 439-448

Files

Cited by

Share

How to cite

Statistics