Fabrication and characterization of nanofibrous scaffold based on chitosan containing cerium oxide nanoparticles for wound healing application

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Textile Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Postal Code 14778-93855, Tehran ,Iran

2 Department of Biomedical Engineering; Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Postal Code 14778-93855, Tehran ,Iran

Abstract

Hypothesis: Incorporating different types of nanoparticles, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, into the polymeric nanofiber substrate improves different properties of the web. In this research, citric acid is used as an environmentally friendly cross-linking agent to reduce the hydrophilic property of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol web. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent are used to increase the biological capabilities of the web for healing applications.
Methods: Chitosan (CS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/citric acid (CA) nanofibers with the mass ratios of 1:1:0.5 and 2:3:1 (CS:PVA:CA) were prepared and electrospun. Nanoceria was loaded into the optimal blend prepared for electrospinning. In continuation, the physical-morphological properties, cell compatibility, non-cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity of the resulting webs were investigated.
Findings: Physical-morphological investigations show that the CS:PVA:CA (2:3:1) nanofiber which was electrospun under 15 kV and 18 cm is the optimal nanofiber with an average diameter of 175±29 nm. The contact angle is about 42 degrees, indicating a suitable decrease in hydrophilicity and maintaining the physical integrity of the web. The SEM images show a bead-less morphology with an average diameter of 274±38 nm for nanofibrous web containing 1.5% (by wt) CeO2. The presence of nanoceria and interactions of the functional groups in the components were evident in their EDS and FTIR spectra, respectively. The results of the cell-culturing demonstrate the proper growth and proliferation of fibroblast cells on both with and without-nanoceria webs. The result of the MTT test confirms the non-toxicity of both scaffolds. The antibacterial investigations show improvements in antibacterial activities of the nanofibers containing cerium-oxide against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In general, the results determined that the presence of nanoceria in chitosan-polyvinyl-alcohol-citric acid electrospun nanofibers has clearly improved the biological properties, especially the antibacterial behavior of the obtained web, so it can be used as a suitable dressing for wound healing application.

Keywords

References

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Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
Volume 35, Issue 6 - Serial Number 182
March and April 2023
Pages 565-580

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