Cellulose Extraction from Corn Husk and Its Modification with Metal-Organic Framework: Applied in the Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-114, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Hypothesis: Today, the widespread use of drugs in health care has led to their significant flow into aquatic environments, which has negative effects on the health of the environment. One of the methods used to remove drugs from water is the chemical adsorption method, which is suggested as an efficient method for removing drugs from water due to its simple operation and cost-effectiveness
Methods: Cellulose was extracted from corn husk and it was magnetized using iron oxide nanoparticles by co-precipitation method. In order to increase its specific surface area and adsorption efficiency, cellulose was modified with aluminum metal-organic framework (Cellulose@Fe3O4/Al-MOF). Magnetic cellulose adsorbent modified with metal-organic framework was used as a biosorbent to remove the drug doxorubicin from aqueous media. The chemical structure, crystallinity, morphology, particle size and other properties of the absorbent were investigated and confirmed using SEM XRD, FTIR and VSM analyses.
Findings: The parameters affecting the maximum absorption of doxorubicin including pH, initial concentration, adsorbent amount and contact time were optimized using Taguchi's statistical method and under the optimal conditions of pH of 6, initial concentration of 20 ppm, adsorbent amount of 2 g/L, time of 80 min and absorption capacity of 88%. The isotherm follows the Langmuir model, and the kinetics corresponds to the pseudo-first-order model, and the maximum absorption capacity was predicted as 96.15 mg/g according to the Langmuir model. In addition the thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process of doxorubicin drug by magnetic cellulose modified with metal-organic framework adsorbent is spontaneous exothermic and associated with entropy reduction. The results of the adsorptiondesorption study showed that the adsorbent has very good stability, because it can be reused for 7 cycles without losing its effectiveness

Highlights

  1. Alimardani M., Razzaghi-Kashani M., and Ghoreishy M.H.R., Prediction of Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Rubber Composites by Microstructural Modeling of Polymer-Filler
    Interfacial Effects, Mater. Design, 115, 348-354, 2017.
  2. Vilgis T.A., Heinrich G., and Klueppel M., Reinforcement
    of Polymer Nanocomposites: Theory, Experiments and
    Applications    , Cambridge University, 101-193, 2009.
  3. Ramier J., Chazeau L., Stelandre L., and Guy L., Payne Effect in Silica-Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber: Influence of Surface Treatment, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 45, 286-298, 2007.
  4. Maier P.G. and Goritz D., Molecular Interpretation of the Payne Effect, Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 49, 18-21, 1996.
  5. Payne A.R., The Dynamic Properties of Carbon Black-Loaded Natural Rubber Vulcanizates, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 57-63, 1962.
  6. Amrollahi A., Razzaghi-Kashani M., Hosseini S.M., and
    Habibi N., Carbon Black/Silica Hybrid Filler Networking and Its Synergistic Effects on the Performance of Styrene-Butadiene
    Rubber Composites, Polym. J., 54, 931-942, 2022.
  7. Kalat M.N. and Razzaghi-Kashani M., The Role of Reduced
    Graphene Oxide as a Secondary Filler in Improving the
    Performance of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
    Compounds, Polym. J., 54, 355-365, 2022.
  8. Veiga V.D., Rossignol T.M., Crespo J.S., and Carli L.N., Tire Tread Compounds with Reduced Rolling Resistance and
    Improved Wet Grip, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134, 39, 2017.
  9. Sattayanurak S., Sahakaro K., Kaewsakul W., Dierkesb W.K., Reuvekamp L.A.E.M., Blume A., and Noordermeer J.W.M.,
    Synergistic Effect by High Specific Surface Area Carbon Black as Secondary Filler in Silica Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds, Polym. Test., 81, 2020.
  10. Sattayanurak S., Sahakaro K., Kaewsakul W., Dierkes W.K., Reuvekamp L.A.E.M., Blume A., and Noordermeer J.W.M.,
    Enhancing Performance of Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds by Applying Organoclay as Secondary Filler, Rubber Chem. Technol., 94, 121-144, 2021.
  11. Senthilvel K., Vishvanathperumal S., Prabu B., and John
    Baruch L., Studies on the Morphology, Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber with Hybrid Filler (Carbon Black/Silica) Composite, Polym. Polym. Compos., 24, 473-480, 2016.
  12. Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity of
    Plastics by Displacement, Annual Book of ASTM Standard, D792-20, 2020.
  13. Razzaghi Kashani M., Behazin E., and Fakhar A., Construction
    and Evaluation of a New Tribometer for Polymers, Polym. Test., 30, 271-276, 2011.
  14. Hosseini S.M., Torbati-Fard N., Kiyani H., and Razzaghi-Kashani M., Comparative Role of Interface in Reinforcing Mechanisms of Nanosilica Modified by Silanes and Liquid Rubber in SBR Composites, J. Polym. Res., 23, 1-10, 2016.
  15. Torbati-Fard N., Hosseini S.M., and Razzaghi-Kashani M.,
    Effect of the Silica-Rubber Interface on the Mechanical, Viscoelastic, and Tribological Behaviors of Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates, Polym. J., 52, 1223-1234, 2020.
  16. Hosseini S.M. and Razzaghi-Kashani M., Vulcanization Kinetics
    of Nano-silica Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Polymer, 55, 6426-6434, 2014.
  17. Rodgers B., Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications,
    2nd ed., CRC, 33-82, 2016.
  18. Tabsan N., Wirasate S., and Suchiva K., Abrasion Behavior of Layered Silicate Reinforced Natural Rubber, Wear, 269, 394-404, 2010.‏

 

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Main Subjects

References

  1. Alimardani M., Razzaghi-Kashani M., and Ghoreishy M.H.R., Prediction of Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Rubber Composites by Microstructural Modeling of Polymer-Filler
    Interfacial Effects, Mater. Design, 115, 348-354, 2017.
  2. Vilgis T.A., Heinrich G., and Klueppel M., Reinforcement
    of Polymer Nanocomposites: Theory, Experiments and
    Applications    , Cambridge University, 101-193, 2009.
  3. Ramier J., Chazeau L., Stelandre L., and Guy L., Payne Effect in Silica-Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber: Influence of Surface Treatment, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 45, 286-298, 2007.
  4. Maier P.G. and Goritz D., Molecular Interpretation of the Payne Effect, Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 49, 18-21, 1996.
  5. Payne A.R., The Dynamic Properties of Carbon Black-Loaded Natural Rubber Vulcanizates, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 57-63, 1962.
  6. Amrollahi A., Razzaghi-Kashani M., Hosseini S.M., and
    Habibi N., Carbon Black/Silica Hybrid Filler Networking and Its Synergistic Effects on the Performance of Styrene-Butadiene
    Rubber Composites, Polym. J., 54, 931-942, 2022.
  7. Kalat M.N. and Razzaghi-Kashani M., The Role of Reduced
    Graphene Oxide as a Secondary Filler in Improving the
    Performance of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
    Compounds, Polym. J., 54, 355-365, 2022.
  8. Veiga V.D., Rossignol T.M., Crespo J.S., and Carli L.N., Tire Tread Compounds with Reduced Rolling Resistance and
    Improved Wet Grip, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134, 39, 2017.
  9. Sattayanurak S., Sahakaro K., Kaewsakul W., Dierkesb W.K., Reuvekamp L.A.E.M., Blume A., and Noordermeer J.W.M.,
    Synergistic Effect by High Specific Surface Area Carbon Black as Secondary Filler in Silica Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds, Polym. Test., 81, 2020.
  10. Sattayanurak S., Sahakaro K., Kaewsakul W., Dierkes W.K., Reuvekamp L.A.E.M., Blume A., and Noordermeer J.W.M.,
    Enhancing Performance of Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds by Applying Organoclay as Secondary Filler, Rubber Chem. Technol., 94, 121-144, 2021.
  11. Senthilvel K., Vishvanathperumal S., Prabu B., and John
    Baruch L., Studies on the Morphology, Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber with Hybrid Filler (Carbon Black/Silica) Composite, Polym. Polym. Compos., 24, 473-480, 2016.
  12. Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity of
    Plastics by Displacement, Annual Book of ASTM Standard, D792-20, 2020.
  13. Razzaghi Kashani M., Behazin E., and Fakhar A., Construction
    and Evaluation of a New Tribometer for Polymers, Polym. Test., 30, 271-276, 2011.
  14. Hosseini S.M., Torbati-Fard N., Kiyani H., and Razzaghi-Kashani M., Comparative Role of Interface in Reinforcing Mechanisms of Nanosilica Modified by Silanes and Liquid Rubber in SBR Composites, J. Polym. Res., 23, 1-10, 2016.
  15. Torbati-Fard N., Hosseini S.M., and Razzaghi-Kashani M.,
    Effect of the Silica-Rubber Interface on the Mechanical, Viscoelastic, and Tribological Behaviors of Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates, Polym. J., 52, 1223-1234, 2020.
  16. Hosseini S.M. and Razzaghi-Kashani M., Vulcanization Kinetics
    of Nano-silica Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Polymer, 55, 6426-6434, 2014.
  17. Rodgers B., Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications,
    2nd ed., CRC, 33-82, 2016.
  18. Tabsan N., Wirasate S., and Suchiva K., Abrasion Behavior of Layered Silicate Reinforced Natural Rubber, Wear, 269, 394-404, 2010.‏

 

Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
Volume 37, Issue 2 - Serial Number 190
July and August 2024
Pages 141-151

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