مروری بر روش‌های تهیه هیدروژل‌های تزریق‌پذیر تشکیل‌شونده درجا و کاربردهای آن‌ها در مهندسی بافت

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 تهران، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، پژوهشکده علوم پلیمر، گروه پلیمرهای زیست‌سازگار، صندوق پستی 112-14975

2 تهران، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، پژوهشکده فرایند پلیمر، گروه رنگ، رزین و پوشش‌های سطح، صندوق پستی 112-14975

3 تهران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، مرکز تحقیقات سوختگی، صندوق پستی 354-14665

چکیده

مهندسی بافت، مثلثی با سه ضلع از انواع مختلف سلول‌ها، زیست‌مولکول‌های کوچک، عامل رشد و داربست با هدف بازیابی، ترمیم و بهبود عملکرد بافت است. در مهندسی بافت، چسبندگی، رشد، تکثیر و تمایز سلول‌ها نیازمند کنترل دقیق عامل‌های بیرونی نظیر خواص فیزیکی داربست به‌عنوان ماتریس برون‌سلولی (ECM)، نوع و مقدار مولکول‌های فعال زیستی‌ مانند زیست‌مولکول‌های کوچک، پپتیدها و پروتئین‌هاست. بنابراین برهم‌کنش داربست‌های سنتزی و طبیعی با سلول‌ها، باید بازتابی از ریزمحیط سلولی در بدن باشد. در این مقاله، روش‌های مختلف تهیه هیدروژل‌های تزریق‌پذیر تشکیل‌شونده درجا با کاربرد پزشکی و بازسازی بافت شرح داده شده که با پیوندهای شیمیایی یا برهم‌کنش‌های فیزیکی شبکه‌ای می‌شوند. این نوع هیدروژل‌ها در کاربردهای مهندسی بافت بسیار جالب توجه هستند. زیرا به‌آسانی می‌توانند سلول‌ها یا زیست‌مولکول‌ها‌ را به بافت آسیب‌دیده انتقال دهند. نبود سمیت شدید و وجود حداقل جراحت و درد هنگام جراحی در بیمار از برتری‌های هیدروژل‌های تزریق‌شونده است. روش‌های شیمیایی متنوعی مانند شیمی کلیک، افزایش Michael، باز شیف و واکنش آنزیمی برای شبکه‌ای‌کردن هیدروژل‌های تزریق‌پذیر به‌کار گرفته شده است. برخی از هیدروژل‌ها را می‌توان با برهم‌کنش‌های فیزیکی نظیر برهم‌کنش‌های یونی، پیوند هیدروژنی و برهم‌کنش ابرمولکولی بدون وجود عامل‌های بیرونی در شرایط فیزیولوژی بدن تهیه کرد. در این مطالعه، افزون بر روش‌های مختلف تهیه، جنبه‌های کاربردی این هیدروژل‌ها در پزشکی ترمیمی و دستاورد‌های حاصل از آن در مهندسی بافت مرور می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Synthesis Methods of In Situ Forming Injectable Hydrogels and Their Applications in Tissue Engineering: A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Moradian 1
  • Mojgan Zandi 1
  • Morteza Behzadnasab 2
  • Mohamad Pezeshki-Modaress 3
1 Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Polymer Science, Faculty of Polymer Processing; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112 Tehran, Iran
2 Departments of Colour, Resin and Surface Coatings, Faculty of Polymer Processing; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112 Tehran, Iran
3 Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14665-354, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Tissue engineering is a triad involves three components of different types of cells, growth factor, small biomolecules and scaffold for the purpose of tissue restore, repair and regeneration. In tissue engineering, attachment, growth, proliferation and differentiation of cells require careful control of external factors such as the physical properties of the scaffold as extra cellular matrix (ECM), type and amount of biologically active molecules like small biomolecules, peptides and proteins. Therefore, the interaction of the synthetic and natural scaffolds with the cells must reflect the cellular microenvironment in the body. In this study, we describe a variety of in situ forming injectable hydrogels synthesis with the medical application and tissue regeneration that are crosslinked by chemical bonding or physical interactions. These types of hydrogels have attracted a lot of attention in tissue engineering applications because they can easily transfer the cells or delivered the biomolecules to the damaged tissue. Lack of severe toxicity, minimal injury and pain during surgery could be the other advantages of the injectable hydrogels. A wide variety of chemical methods have been used to crosslink the injectable hydrogels such as click chemistry, Michael addition, Schiff-base, enzymatic reaction and, etc. Some hydrogels can also be cross-linked using physical interactions such as ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, supramolecular interaction, etc., without external factors in the physiological conditions of the body. In this study, in addition to various methods of synthesis, the practical aspects of hydrogels in regenerative medicine and their achievements in tissue engineering are discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • tissue engineering
  • scaffold
  • injectable hydrogel
  • chemical bonding
  • physical interaction

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 33، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 166
خرداد و تیر 1399
صفحه 95-113

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