ساخت و بررسی خواص کامپوزیت هیدروژل ابرجاذب آکریل آمید-آکریلیک اسید و زئولیت برای مصارف کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز، گروه مهندسی شیمی، کد پستی 71987-74731

2 شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز، گروه علوم خاک، کد پستی 71987-74731

چکیده

کمبود آب از مهم‌ترین مشکلاتی است که در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک به‌وفور دیده می‌شود و رشد و توسعه پوشش گیاهی را در این مناطق با محدودیت روبه‌رو کرده است. استفاده از هیدروژل ابرجاذب از جمله راهکارهای افزایش بهره‌وری آب کشاورزی است. هدف این پژوهش، ساخت و بررسی خواص کامپوزیت هیدروژل ابرجاذب با روش کوپلیمرشدن بین مونومرهای آکریل آمید-آکریلیک اسید و زئولیت به‌عنوان نانوذرات خاک‌رس در مقادیر وزنی 0، 5/0، 1 و %5/1 است. با طراحی آزمون‌ به روش فاکتوریل جزئی  اثر مقادیر مواد سازنده در ساختار و خواص ابرجاذب و مقدار جذب آب بررسی شده است. از متیلن‌بیس‌آکریل‌آمید به‌عنوان عامل شبکه‌ساز و آمونیوم‌پر‌سولفات به‌عنوان آغازگر استفاده شد. طبق نتایج آزمون‌های گرماوزن‌سنجی، طیف‌سنجی زیرقرمز، میکروسکوپی الکترون پویشی و پراش پرتو X، افزایش نانوذرات تا %1 وزنی باعث افزایش مقاومت گرمایی، ایجاد تخلخل و شبکه یکنواخت در ساختار ابرجاذب می‌شود. این هیدروژل ابرجاذب، قابلیت جذب g/g 1100 آب مقطر را دارد. مقدار جذب و نگه‌داری آب ابرجاذب در پنج بافت‌ مختلف خاک بررسی شد که حاصل اختلاط 0، 25، 50، 75 و %100 شن با خاک متوسط بود. طبق نتایج ابرجاذب در هفته اول پس از آبیاری در خاک با بافت %50 شن بهترین نگه‌داری رطوبت اولیه را نشان می‌دهد و نیز در خاک با بافت شنی پس از 53 روز (30 روز دیرتر از نمونه کنترل) خاک به وزن اولیه می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Preparation and Study on Properties of Superabsorbent Hydrogel Composite of Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid and Zeolite in Agricultural Uses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shohreh Vosuoghi 1
  • Seyed Mahmoudreza Hojjati 1
  • Ali Ali Kasraian 2
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, Postal Code:74731-71987
2 Department of Soil Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, Postal Code:74731-71987
چکیده [English]

Water shortage is one of the most important environmental problems in arid and semi-arid areas which cause complications in land vegetations. The use of superabsorbent hydrogel is one of the most vital methods, which helps to optimize agricultural irrigations. The purpose of this research is preparation and study on properties the superabsorbent hydrogels by copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid monomers using zeolite as nanoclay particles (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15). The optimum amount of nanoparticles in relation to its effect on superabsorbent structure and properties, such as water absorbency, was investigated through designing experiments using FFD software. We used methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate as crosslinker and initiator, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) test results showed that the addition of nanoclay up to 0.1 g caused improvement in the physical and chemical properties of superabsorbent such as thermal resistance, porous structure and uniform network structure. The superabsorbent hydrogel could absorb 1100 (g/g) distilled water. The water absorption and water retention of superabsorbent were studied by loading it in 5 different soil texture classes which were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 mixture fractions of sand/loam soil. As a result, it was observed that in the first week after irrigation, the best retention of initial moisture belonged to the soil with 50% sand texture, and also the soil with sand texture returned to its initial weight after 53 days (i.e., 30 days later than the control sample).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • superabsorbent hydrogel
  • zeolite
  • acrylamide
  • acrylic acid
  • soil texture

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