خواص و کاربردهای نانوکامپوزیت‌های پلیمر-نانوصفحه‌های گرافن

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 تهران، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، پژوهشکده فرایند، گروه پلاستیک،‌ صندوق پستی 112-14975

2 تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشکده شیمی، صندوق پستی 936-19585

چکیده

در این مقاله، مطالعات انجام‌شده درباره نانوکامپوزیت‌های پلیمر-گرافن مرور شده است. پژوهش‌ها نشان می‌دهند، گرافن می‌تواند به‌عنوان قوی‌ترین ماده درنظر گرفته شود و روش Hummers یکی از روش‌های مناسب برای تولید آن است. عامل‌دارکردن با گروه‌های شیمیایی سازگار با ماتریس پلیمری به پراکنش این نانوذرات در ماتریس کمک می‌کند. اثر نانوصفحه‌ها بر رفتار تبلور نانوکامپوزیت‌ها در دو حالت هم‌دما و ناهم‌دما، مرحله هسته‌زایی و رشد بلورها بررسی شده است. برخی نتایج منتشرشده در این زمینه متناقض بوده و کاهش و نیز افزایش بلورینگی گزارش شده است. تغییر رسانندگی الکتریکی با افزودن گرافن و نیز روش‌ تعیین آستانه اتصال بررسی شده است. نتایج افزایش شایان توجه رسانندگی الکتریکی را با جادادن نانوصفحه‌های گرافن نشان داد. همچنین، خواص مکانیکی نانوکامپوزیت‌ها شامل مدول کشسانی، ازدیاد طول تا پارگی و کشش سطحی مرور شده است. نتایج گزارش‌شده افزایش مدول را به‌دلیل مدول بیشتر نانوصفحه‌های گرافن تأیید کرده است. اما، برای استحکام کششی و ازدیاد طول تا پارگی گزارش‌های متناقضی وجود دارد. عامل‌دارکردن نانوصفحه‌ها به افزایش بیشتر استحکام کششی نانوکامپوزیت‌ها از راه برهم‌کنش قوی‌تر پرکننده-ماتریس منجر می‌شود. رسانندگی گرمایی نانوکامپوزیت‌ها و روش‌های مطلوب اندازه‌گیری ثابت رسانندگی گرمایی بحث شد. نتایج نشان داد، نانوصفحه‌های گرافن بر رسانندگی گرمایی در مقایسه با رسانندگی الکتریکی کمتر مؤثر هستند. خواص رئولوژیکی نانوکامپوزیت‌ها با افزودن نانوصفحه‌های گرافن تغییر می‌کند و آستانه اتصال رئولوژی می‌تواند با آستانه الکتریکی متفاوت باشد. آستانه الکتریکی کوچک‌تر از آستانه رئولوژی، بدین مفهوم است که آستانه الکتریکی از تماس مستقیم نانوذرات به‌دست آمده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Polymer-Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites: Properties and Applications

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Gomari 1
  • Parvin Ehsani Namin 2
  • Ismaeil Ghasemi 1
1 Department of Plastics, Faculty of Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 19585-936, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

A review study is presented in relation to polymer/graphene nanocomposites. The research works have shown that the graphene can be considered as the strongest material and the hummer’s method is a suitable method for its production. Functionalization by chemical groups compatible with its matrix can enhance dispersion of the nanoparticles within it. The effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behavior, nucleation and crystal growth is explained. Several contradicting results including both increase and decrease in crystallinity have been reported. The change of electrical conductivity with the addition of graphene and method of determining percolation threshold are presented. The results showed a significant increase in electrical conductivity by incorporation of graphene nanosheets. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites including elastic modulus, elongation-at-break and tensile strength are reviewed. The reported results revealed that modulus increased due to higher modulus of nanoparticles and there was a contradictory result for tensile strength and elongation-at-break. Functionalization of nanosheets could increase the tensile strength of nanocomposites through stronger adhesion between filler and matrix. The thermal conductivity of these nanocomposites and the desirable method for measurement of thermal conductivity constant are discussed. The results showed that graphene nanoplatelets are less effective in enhancing thermal conductivity in comparison to electrical conductivity. The rheological properties of nanocomposites were affected by addition of nanosheets and the obtained rheological percolation threshold was different from the electrical one. The lower electrical percolation in comparison to rheological one means electrical threshold is obtained from direct contact of nanoparticles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • graphene nanoplatelet
  • polymeric nanocomposite
  • crystallization behavior
  • electrical conductivity
  • rheological behavior
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