مروری بر داربست‌های نانولیفی رسانا برای کاربردهای مهندسی بافت

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

تهران، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، دانشکده مهندسی زیست‌پزشکی، صندوق پستی 4413-15875

چکیده

طراحی داربست زیست‌سازگاری که خواص مکانیکی، الکتریکی، شیمیایی و شکل‌شناسی ماتریس برون‌سلولی بافت هدف را به‌خوبی تقلید کند، از چالش‌های اصلی در تنظیم رفتارهای سلولی است. بدین دلیل، داربست‌های رسانا برای مهندسی بافت‌هایی همچون عصب، استخوان و قلب که فعال الکتریکی هستند، بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند و ابزار مناسبی برای انتقال سیگنال الکتریکی لازم برای تنظیم رفتار سلول‌های این بافت‌ها به‌شمار می‌آیند. از طرفی، نانوساختارهای پلیمری رسانا به موضوع مورد علاقه بسیاری از پژوهشگران تبدیل شده است. زیرا، از ترکیب مواد آلی رسانا و نانوساختارها، مواد کارکردی جدیدی با خواص فیزیکی-شیمیایی منحصر به‌فرد حاصل می‌شود که می‌توانند هم‌زمان خواص شکل‌شناسی و الکتریکی ماتریس برون‌سلولی را تقلید کنند. در این راستا، پژوهشگران مختلف درباره طراحی داربست‌های رسانا با درنظرگرفتن خواص شکل‌شناسی به پژوهش پرداخته‌اند. نانوالیاف پلیمری رسانا با استفاده از مواد رسانای مختلف و روش‌های گوناگون تهیه می‌شوند. پلیمرهای رسانای ذاتی، مواد کربنی مانند گرافن و نانولوله‌های کربن و نانوذرات فلزی مانند طلا رایج‌ترین موادی هستند که برای تهیه نانوالیاف پلیمری رسانا به‌کار گرفته می‌شوند. ریسندگی پلیمر رسانا یا آمیخته پلیمر حامل و عامل رسانا (الکتروریسی و ترریسی)، پوشش‌دهی عامل رسانا روی نانوالیاف قالب (پلیمرشدن شیمیایی درجا به روش‌های الکتروشیمیایی و برمیسلی و فاز بخار، پوشش‌دهی مواد کربنی و فلزی روی نانوالیاف با غوطه‌وری، پوشش‌دهی بخار فلز روی نانوالیاف) و ساخت بدون قالب نانوالیاف رسانا (پلیمرشدن در فصل مشترک و الکتروشیمیایی) از جمله روش‌های تهیه داربست‌های نانولیفی رسانا هستند که در این مقاله بحث و بررسی شده و مزایا و معایب آن‌ها با یکدیگر مقایسه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Conductive Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Daraei Nejad
  • Iman Shabani
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Designing a biocompatible scaffold that mimics the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and topographical properties of extracellular matrix of the target tissue is one of the main challenges in regulating cellular behaviors. For this reason, conductive scaffolds are very much considered in the engineering of electroactive tissues such as nerve, bone, and heart, and are the ideal tools for transmitting the electrical signals to these tissues and regulating their cells behaviors. On the other hand, nanostructures of conductive polymers have become a topic of interest to many researchers, because by the combination of conductivity and nanostructures, new functional materials are obtained with unique physicochemical properties, which can simultaneously simulate physical and electrical properties of the extracellular matrix. In this regard, several researchers have been working on the design of conductive scaffolds with the consideration of topographical properties. Conductive polymeric nanofibers are prepared using various conductive materials and different methods. Intrinsically conductive polymers, carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, and metallic nanoparticles such as gold are the most common materials used for the production of conductive polymer-based nanofibers. This review covers the spinning of conductive polymer or the blend of carrier polymer and conductive agents by electrospinning and wet spinning, conductive agent deposition onto template nanofibers (in situ chemical polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, admicellar polymerization, vapor-phase polymerization, carbon and metal coating on nanofibers through immersion, coating of metal vapor on nanofibers), and template-free synthesis (interface polymerization, electrochemical polymerization) among methods of fabrication of conductive nanofibrous scaffolds and finally their advantages and disadvantages are compared together.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • conductive nanofibers
  • conductive polymers
  • carbon nanomaterials
  • gold nanoparticles
  • tissue engineering
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