عملکرد در برابر آتش کامپوزیت پلی‌یورتان گرمانرم با تاخیرانداز شعله-تورمی و نانوسیلیکا: مطالعه هم‌افزایی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 تهران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، دانشکده شیمی، کد پستی 13114-16846

2 تهران، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایران، پژوهشکده فرایند، گروه پلاستیک، صندوق پستی 115-14975

چکیده

فرضیه‌: هدف از این پژوهش، بهبود رفتار در برابر آتش گرمانرم پلی‌یورتان (TPU) با افزودنی‌های تأخیرانداز شعله-تورمی (IFR) و نانوذره سیلیکا به‌عنوان عامل هم‌افزاست. 
روش‌ها: سامانه شعله-تورمی متشکل از آمونیوم پلی‌فسفات (APP)، ملامین پلی‌فسفات (MPP) و پنتااریتریتول (PER) با روش اختلاط مذاب به TPU افزوده شد. اشتعال‌پذیری کامپوزیت با آزمون سوختن عمودی UL94 و کارایی نانوسیلیکا با آزمون گرماسنجی مخروطی ارزیابی شد. سپس، نانوسیلیکا با درصد وزنی بسیار کم به‌عنوان هم‌افزا به کامپوزیت TPU-IFR افزوده و خواص آتش بررسی شد. پایداری گرمایی و ساختار زغال پس از سوختن به‌ترتیب با تجزیه گرماوزن‌سنجی (TGA) و میکروسکوپ الکترونی (FE-SEM) بررسی شد. 
یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمون‌ها، اثربخشی سامانه IFR را با کاهش شایان توجه حداکثر شدت تولید دود و شدت رهایش گرما (PHRR)(PSPR) به‌ترتیب 58.3 و %62.6 نشان داد. افزودن %0.5 وزنی نانوسیلیکا به‌عنوان عامل هم‌افزا به سامانه IFR-TPU، سبب کاهش %75 در PHRR و %79.2 در PSPR نسبت به TPU مرجع و حذف شره مذاب شد. این نتیجه، هم‌افزایی مؤثر نانوسیلیکا را در تقویت  خواص نانوسیلیکای TPU تأیید کرد. هر دو کامپوزیت در آزمون UL-94 به درجه V0 دست یافتند. بازده زغال از %6 در TPU به %31.2 در TPU-IFR و %58.9 در  نانوکامپوزیت TPU افزایش یافت. بررسی ساختار زغال با میکروسکوپی الکترونی پویشی گسیل میدانی (FE-SEM)، وجود ساختار فشرده و یکپارچه را در نانوکامپوزیت TPU نشان داد، در حالی که زغال حاصل از سوختن TPU-IFR، ساختاری حفره‌دار داشت. تجزیه گرماوزنی (TGA) افزایش پایداری گرمایی در هر دو کامپوزیت TPU را با تشکیل زغال به‌عنوان سد گرمایی تأیید کرد. پژوهش حاضر، سامانه نانوسیلیکای شعله-تورمی کارآمدی را در بهبود رفتار TPU در برابر آتش معرفی می‌کند که با افزودن مقدار بسیار کم نانوسیلیکا به‌عنوان هم‌افزا، ایمنی آن در برابر آتش به‌طور شایان توجهی افزایش می‌یابد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fire Performance of Intumescent Flame Retardant/Nanosilica/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite: A Study on Synergism

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Taghi Akbari 1
  • Mohammad Reza Naimi - Jamal 1
  • Shervin Ahmadi 2
1 Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Postal Code, 1674613114, Tehran, Iran
2 IPlastic Processing and Engineering Department, Faculty of Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14975-112, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Hypothesis: The aim of this research is to improve the fire behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using an intumescent flame retardant system (IFR) and nanosilica as a synergistic agent 
Methods: A three-component IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and pentaerythritol (PER) was added to TPU by melt mixing. The flammability of the TPU-IFR was evaluated by UL94 vertical burning test and the efficiency of the IFR was investigated by cone calorimeter test (CCT). A nanosilica as a synergist with low loading was added to the TPU-IFR composite, and fire properties were investigated. Thermal stability and char morphology were investigated by thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.
Findings: The results show that the IFR system is effective with a significant decrease of 62.6% in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and 58.3% in peak smoke production (pSPR). By incorporation of 0.5% (by wt) nanosilica into TPU-IFR, there are decreases in PHRR and pSPR by 75.0% and 79.2%, respectively, compared to the original TPU, while the dripping is removed. This has confirmed the effective synergism of nanosilica in enhancing the flame retardancy of TPU-IFR. Further, the amount of residual char has reached 31.2% and 58.9% for TPU-IFR and TPU-IFR-nanosilica, respectively, compared to 6.2% in a neat TPU. Both TPU composites have reached V0 grade in UL-94 test. FESEM shows an integrated compact char in IFR-TPU-nanosilica, while there are small holes in the char structure of IFR-TPU. Thermal analysis (TGA) has shown enhanced thermal stability in the two TPU composites by formation of a carbon layer as a thermal barrier during burning. This work introduces an efficient intumescent flame retardant system for improving the fire behavior of TPU which can significantly enhance the fire safety of TPU by a low loading of nanosilica as a synergist. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intumescent Flame retardant
  • Nanosilica
  • Synergistic agent
  • Thermoplastic Polyurethane
  • Cone calorimeter

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مجله علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر
دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 183
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 73-86

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